【润学】计算机网络八股文英文版(1)

我不知道什么时候开始流行。 让我们做好准备,不管成功还是失败。 首先,从网络上,分成基础、中级和高级部分,今天更新基础。

What is the network?

The computer network is a system of peripherals or computers interconnected with each other and has a standard communication channel established between them to exchange different types of information and data.

什么是网络？

计算机网络(英语:Computer network)是指相互连接的外部设备或计算机的系统,它们为交换不同类型的信息和数据建立标准的通信渠道。

Basic Networking Interview Questions

Question 1. How are Network types classified?

Network types can be classified and divided based on the area of distribution of the network. The below diagram would help to understand the same:

1.如何分类网络类型?

网络类型可以根据网络的分布区域分类和划分。 下面的图将帮助您理解相同的内容:

Question 2. Explain different types of networks.

Below are few types of networks:

• PAN (Personal Area Network): Let devices connect and communicate over the range of a person. E.g. connecting Bluetooth devices.
• LAN (Local Area Network): It is a privately owned network that operates within and nearby a single building like a home, office, or factory.
• MAN (Metropolitan Area Network): It connects and covers the whole city. E.g. TV Cable connection over the city.
• WAN (Wide Area Network): It spans a large geographical area, often a country or continent. The Internet is the largest WAN.
• GAN (Global Area Network): It is also known as the Internet which connects the globe using satellites. The Internet is also called the Network of WANs.

2.解释不同类型的网络。

以下有几种类型的网络:

• PAN(Personal Domain Network):允许设备在个人区域内连接和通信,例如连接蓝牙设备。
• 网络:是一个私人网络,运行在一个单一建筑物内或附近,例如家庭、办公室或工厂
• 男人:它连接和覆盖了整个城市。 例如,一个城市有电视电缆的连接
• WAN:它覆盖着一个大地理区域,通常是一个国家或大陆。 互联网是最大的宽带网络
• 全球区域网络(Global Regional Network):它也被称作使用卫星连接世界的互联网,也被称为宽带网络。

Question 3. Explain LAN (Local Area Network)

LANs are widely used to connect computers/laptops and consumer electronics which enables them to share resources (e.g., printers, fax machines) and exchange information. When LANs are used by companies or organizations, they are calledenterprise networks. There are two different types of LAN networks i.e. wireless LAN (no wires involved achieved using Wi-Fi) and wired LAN (achieved using LAN cable). Wireless LANs are very popular these days for places where installing wire is difficult. The below diagrams explain both wireless and wired LAN.

3.解释LAN

网路广泛用于连接计算机/笔记本电脑和消费电子产品.使他们能够分享资源(例如:印刷机、传真机)和交换信息。当公司或组织使用LAN时,它们叫做企业网络。有两种不同的LAN网络,这些包括无线LAN(使用无线Wi-Fi)和有线LAN(使用LAN电缆)。如今，无线LAN在安装配线困难的地方非常受欢迎。下面的图表说明了无线和有线网.

Question 4. Tell me something about VPN (Virtual Private Network)

VPN or the Virtual Private Network is a private WAN (Wide Area Network) built on the internet. It allows the creation of a secured tunnel (protected network) between different networks using the internet (public network). By using the VPN, a client can connect to the organization’s network remotely. The below diagram shows an organizational WAN network over Australia created using VPN:

4.告诉我VPN的情况

VPN(英语:VPN)或虚拟专用网络(英语:Virtual dedicated network)是指在互联网上建立的专用WAN(宽带网络)。它允许使用互联网(公共网络)在不同网络之间创建安全的隧道(保护网络)。通过使用 VPN，客户端可以远程连接到组织网络。以下图显示了澳大利亚使用VPN创建的组织WAN网络:

Question 5. What are the advantages of using a VPN?

Below are few advantages of using VPN:

• VPN is used to connect offices in different geographical locations remotely and is cheaper when compared to WAN connections.
• VPN is used for secure transactions and confidential data transfer between multiple offices located in different geographical locations.
• VPN keeps an organization’s information secured against any potential threats or intrusions by using virtualization.
• VPN encrypts the internet traffic and disguises the online identity.

5.使用VPN有什么好处?

以下是使用VPN的一些优点:

• VPN用于远程连接不同地点的办公室,比WAN连接便宜。
• VPN是用于在不同地点的多个办公室之间进行安全交易和机密数据传输。
• VPN通过虚拟化来保护组织信息免受任何潜在的威胁或入侵。
• VPN加密互联网流量,伪造在线身份。

Question 6. What are the different types of VPN?

Few types of VPN are:

• Access VPN:Access VPN is used to provide connectivity to remote mobile users and telecommuters. It serves as an alternative to dial-up connections or ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network) connections. It is a low-cost solution and provides a wide range of connectivity.
• Site-to-Site VPN:A Site-to-Site or Router-to-Router VPN is commonly used in large companies having branches in different locations to connect the network of one office to another in different locations. There are 2 sub-categories as mentioned below:
• Intranet VPN:Intranet VPN is useful for connecting remote offices in different geographical locations using shared infrastructure (internet connectivity and servers) with the same accessibility policies as a private WAN (wide area network).
• Extranet VPN:Extranet VPN uses shared infrastructure over an intranet, suppliers, customers, partners, and other entities and connects them using dedicated connections.

6.VPN的不同类型是什么?

有几种类型的VPN是:

• 连接VPN:连接VPN用于连接远程移动用户和远程办公人员。它作为拨号或ISDN(综合服务数字网络)连接的替代品,是一种提供宽带连接的低成本解决方案。
• ** Site-to-Site VPN: ** Site-to-Site VPN 或 Router-to-router VPN 通常用于在不同地点分支的大型公司连接一个办公室到另一个办公室的网络。
• Intranet VPN: Intranet VPN对于使用共享基础设施(互联网连接和服务器)连接到不同地点的远程办公室非常有用,并且具有与专用WAN相同的访问策略。
• Extranet VPN:Extranet VPN使用在Intranet、供应商、客户、合作伙伴和其他实体上的共享基础设施,并使用专门的连接连接连接它们。

Question 7. What are nodes and links?

Node:Any communicating device in a network is called a Node. Node is the point of intersection in a network. It can send/receive data and information within a network. Examples of the node can be computers, laptops, printers, servers, modems, etc.

Link:A link or edge refers to the connectivity between two nodes in the network. It includes the type of connectivity (wired or wireless) between the nodes and protocols used for one node to be able to communicate with the other.

7.什么是节点和链接?

**节点:网络中的任何通信设备称为节点,节点是网络的交叉点,它可以在网络内发送/接收数据和信息。

**链接: **链接或边缘是指网络中两个节点之间的连接,包括节点之间的连接类型(电线或无线)和允许一个节点与另一个节点通信的协议。

Question 8. What is the network topology?

Network topology is a physical layout of the network, connecting the different nodes using the links. It depicts the connectivity between the computers, devices, cables, etc.

网络拓扑是什么?

网络拓扑是网络的物理布局,使用链路连接不同节点,描述计算机、设备、电缆等之间的连接。

Questions 9. Define different types of network topology

The different types of network topology are given below:

问题9.确定不同的网络拓扑类型

以下列出不同类型的网络拓扑:

Bus Topology:

• All the nodes are connected using the central link known as the bus.
• It is useful to connect a smaller number of devices.
• If the main cable gets damaged, it will damage the whole network.

总线拓扑：

• 所有节点使用一个被称为公共汽车的中央链路连接。
• 连接少数设备是很有用的。
• 如果主线受损,整个网络就会受损。

Star Topology:

• All the nodes are connected to one single node known as the central node.
• It is more robust.
• If the central node fails the complete network is damaged.
• Easy to troubleshoot.
• Mainly used in home and office networks.

星型拓扑：

• 所有节点都连接到一个称为中央节点的单一节点。
• 它更健壮。
• 如果中央节点失败,整个网络将受到破坏。
• 易于故障排除。
• 它主要用于家庭和办公室网络。

Ring Topology:

• Each node is connected to exactly two nodes forming a ring structure
• If one of the nodes are damaged, it will damage the whole network
• It is used very rarely as it is expensive and hard to install and manage

环形拓扑：

• 每个节点是适当地连接到两个节点形成一个圆形结构
• 如果其中一个节点受损,它将破坏整个网络
• 它很少被使用,因为它昂贵且难以安装和管理

Mesh Topology:

• Each node is connected to one or many nodes.
• It is robust as failure in one link only disconnects that node.
• It is rarely used and installation and management are difficult.

网状拓扑：

• 每个节点连接到一个或多个节点。
• 它是坚固的,因为一个链接中的故障只会切断节点。
• 它很少使用,难以安装和管理。

Tree Topology:

• A combination of star and bus topology also know as an extended bus topology.
• All the smaller star networks are connected to a single bus.
• If the main bus fails, the whole network is damaged.

树拓扑：

• 星形和一般线拓扑的组合也被称为扩展一般线拓扑。
• 所有的小恒星网络都连接到一个单一的总线.
• 如果主巴士故障,整个网络将受到破坏。

Hybrid:

• It is a combination of different topologies to form a new topology.
• It helps to ignore the drawback of a particular topology and helps to pick the strengths from other.

混合：

• 它是不同的拓扑的结合,形成一个新的拓扑。
• 它有助于忽略特定拓扑的缺点,并帮助从其他拓扑中选择优势。

Question 10. What is an IPv4 address? What are the different classes of IPv4?

An IP address is a 32-bit dynamic address of a node in the network. An IPv4 address has 4 octets of 8-bit each with each number with a value up to 255.

IPv4 classes are differentiated based on the number of hosts it supports on the network. There are five types of IPv4 classes and are based on the first octet of IP addresses which are classified as Class A, B, C, D, or E.

• Class A from 0.0.0.0 to 127.255.255.255, used for large network
• Class B from 128.0.0.0 to 191.255.255.255, used for medium size network
• Class C from 192.0.0.0 to 223.255.255.255, used for local area network
• Class D from 224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255, reserved for multicasting
• Class E from 0.0.0.0 to 127.255.255.255, study and R&D

10.IPv4地址是什么?IPv4的不同的类别是什么?

IP地址是网络中的节点的32位动态地址,IPv4地址有四个8位8位字符,每个数字的最大值为255。

IPv4类的区别在于它在网络上支持的主机数目。 有五个类型的IPv4,第一个基于IP地址的八位组,分为A、B、C、D或E类。

Question 11. What are Private and Special IP addresses?

Private Address:For each class, there are specific IPs that are reserved specifically for private use only. This IP address cannot be used for devices on the Internet as they are non-routable.

Special Address:IP Range from 127.0.0.1 to 127.255.255.255 are network testing addresses also known as loopback addresses are the special IP address.

11.什么是特殊IP地址和特殊IP地址?

**私人地址:**每个类都有专门用于私人使用的特定IP地址,因为这些IP地址不能用于互联网上的设备,因为它们不能进行路由。

IP范围(英语:IP range from to)是网络测试地址,也称为循环回路地址,是一种特殊的IP地址。

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